Vietnam has suffered a chronic shortage of public health staff with advanced training in applied epidemiology. In a country where 3.5 million people a year acquire communicable diseases such as influenza, cholera, typhoid, dengue and meningitis, as well as newly emerging infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian influenza A(H5N1), pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and hand foot and mouth disease, the lack of trained epidemiologists can put immense strain on Vietnam's health system and seriously hamper its socioeconomic development.